Loss of SMPD4 Causes a Developmental Disorder Characterized by Microcephaly and Congenital Arthrogryposis.

TitleLoss of SMPD4 Causes a Developmental Disorder Characterized by Microcephaly and Congenital Arthrogryposis.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2019
AuthorsMagini, P, Smits, DJ, Vandervore, L, Schot, R, Columbaro, M, Kasteleijn, E, van der Ent, M, Palombo, F, Lequin, MH, Dremmen, M, Claire Y de Wit, M, Severino, M, Divizia, MTeresa, Striano, P, Ordonez-Herrera, N, Alhashem, A, Fares, AAl, Ghamdi, MAl, Rolfs, A, Bauer, P, Demmers, J, Verheijen, FW, Wilke, M, van Slegtenhorst, M, van der Spek, PJ, Seri, M, Jansen, AC, Stottmann, RW, Hufnagel, RB, Hopkin, RJ, Aljeaid, D, Wiszniewski, W, Gawlinski, P, Laure-Kamionowska, M, Alkuraya, FS, Akleh, H, Stanley, V, Musaev, D, Gleeson, JG, Zaki, MS, Brunetti-Pierri, N, Cappuccio, G, Davidov, B, Basel-Salmon, L, Bazak, L, Shahar, NRuhrman, Bertoli-Avella, A, Mirzaa, GM, Dobyns, WB, Pippucci, T, Fornerod, M, Mancini, GMS
JournalAm J Hum Genet
Volume105
Issue4
Pagination689-705
Date Published2019 Oct 03
ISSN1537-6605
Abstract

Sphingomyelinases generate ceramide from sphingomyelin as a second messenger in intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis. Children from 12 unrelated families presented with microcephaly, simplified gyral pattern of the cortex, hypomyelination, cerebellar hypoplasia, congenital arthrogryposis, and early fetal/postnatal demise. Genomic analysis revealed bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in SMPD4, coding for the neutral sphingomyelinase-3 (nSMase-3/SMPD4). Overexpression of human Myc-tagged SMPD4 showed localization both to the outer nuclear envelope and the ER and additionally revealed interactions with several nuclear pore complex proteins by proteomics analysis. Fibroblasts from affected individuals showed ER cisternae abnormalities, suspected for increased autophagy, and were more susceptible to apoptosis under stress conditions, while treatment with siSMPD4 caused delayed cell cycle progression. Our data show that SMPD4 links homeostasis of membrane sphingolipids to cell fate by regulating the cross-talk between the ER and the outer nuclear envelope, while its loss reveals a pathogenic mechanism in microcephaly.
DOI10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.08.006
Alternate JournalAm. J. Hum. Genet.
PubMed ID31495489
PubMed Central IDPMC6817560
Grant ListUM1 HG008900 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States